Speciality

Nephrology

Kidney care

Nephrology care for kidney health concerns, including kidney function decline, kidney stones and long-term kidney disease.

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Overview

Understanding nephrology

Nephrology is the branch of medicine focused on the kidneys and their role in filtering waste, balancing fluids and minerals, and supporting blood pressure regulation. It covers concerns such as changes noticed in urine, swelling in the body, unexplained tiredness linked to kidney function, and longer-term conditions that gradually affect how well the kidneys work.

When to consult

Swelling in the legs, ankles or around the eyes
Noticeable change in urine output or frequency
Foamy or unusually coloured urine
Persistent tiredness or weakness
Poor appetite or nausea
Difficulty concentrating
Blood pressure that is hard to control
Abnormal kidney function results on blood tests

More about when to see a specialist

It is a good idea to see a nephrologist if blood or urine tests show reduced kidney function or protein in the urine, if you notice persistent swelling in the legs or around the eyes, unusual changes in how much or how often you pass urine, or if you have diabetes, high blood pressure or a family history of kidney disease and want your kidney health reviewed.

Urgent symptoms: Very little or no urine output, severe swelling with breathlessness, confusion, or severe flank pain with fever needs urgent medical attention — go to the nearest emergency department or call 108 / 112.

Your first visit

At your first nephrology visit, the doctor will ask about your general health, urinary habits, swelling, appetite and any conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure that can affect the kidneys. Bringing previous blood and urine test reports, any kidney scans, and a list of current medicines will help the doctor build an accurate picture quickly.

What else to expect

The doctor will typically check your blood pressure and look for signs of fluid retention, and may order blood and urine tests or imaging depending on your history. They will then explain what the results suggest and outline a suitable plan going forward.

Conditions

Conditions this speciality covers

General health information about some common conditions in this field — not a complete list, and not confirmation that every treatment mentioned is available at the hospital. Please speak to a doctor about your own situation.

Chronic kidney disease

A gradual, long-term decline in how well the kidneys filter blood.

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Chronic kidney disease often develops slowly, frequently linked to conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure, and may not cause obvious symptoms until it has progressed, which is why routine monitoring matters for at-risk individuals.

Common symptoms

Fatigue
Swelling in legs or feet
Changes in urination
Poor appetite

How it is assessed

Blood tests measuring kidney function along with urine tests are the main tools used to assess this condition.

Treatment options

Management generally focuses on controlling underlying conditions, dietary guidance and regular monitoring as advised by the nephrologist.

Kidney stones

Hard deposits that form inside the kidney from substances in urine.

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Kidney stones can form when certain substances become concentrated in urine, and depending on their size and position, may cause significant pain as they move through the urinary tract.

Common symptoms

Severe pain in the back or side
Blood in urine
Nausea
Frequent or painful urination

How it is assessed

Diagnosis usually involves imaging such as an ultrasound or scan along with urine testing.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on stone size and symptoms and can range from conservative management to procedures decided with the specialist.

Urinary tract infection affecting the kidneys

An infection that has spread to involve the kidney itself.

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When an infection travels from the bladder up to the kidney, it can cause more significant illness than a typical lower urinary tract infection, requiring closer attention.

Common symptoms

Fever with chills
Pain in the back or side
Burning during urination
Nausea or vomiting

How it is assessed

Urine tests and sometimes imaging help confirm the diagnosis and its extent.

Treatment options

Treatment is generally guided by the specific infection and overall health, as directed by the treating doctor.

Nephrotic syndrome

A condition where the kidneys leak significant amounts of protein into the urine.

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This condition arises when the kidney's filtering units are damaged, leading to protein loss in urine, low protein levels in blood and noticeable swelling in the body.

Common symptoms

Swelling around eyes and legs
Foamy urine
Weight gain from fluid retention
Fatigue

How it is assessed

Urine protein testing and blood tests are central to identifying this condition, sometimes alongside further specialised assessment.

Treatment options

Management is individualised and may include dietary advice, monitoring and treatment aimed at the underlying cause.

Kidney impairment linked to diabetes or hypertension

Reduced kidney function developing as a complication of long-standing diabetes or high blood pressure.

Learn more

Over time, poorly controlled blood sugar or blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels within the kidneys, gradually reducing their filtering capacity.

Common symptoms

Often no early symptoms
Swelling in later stages
Fatigue
Changes noted on routine blood tests

How it is assessed

Regular blood and urine testing in people with diabetes or hypertension helps detect this early.

Treatment options

Care generally centres on tight control of the underlying condition alongside kidney-focused monitoring and guidance.

Services

Tests, treatments and services

Charges and preparation apply to a consultation, test or procedure — not to a condition.

Common approaches in this speciality

General health information about how doctors in this field usually investigate and treat — not a list of services confirmed at Shreejii. Please ask reception what is available.

Consultations

Nephrology consultation
A detailed review of kidney-related symptoms, history and previous test results.
Why and what it involves: Nephrology consultation
Why it is done: To assess kidney health and identify any concerns early.
What it involves: Discussion, examination and blood pressure check.

Diagnostic tests

Kidney function blood test
A blood test that measures how efficiently the kidneys are filtering waste.
Why and what it involves: Kidney function blood test
Why it is done: To detect and monitor changes in kidney function.
What it involves: A simple blood sample drawn at the clinic or lab.
Urine examination
A test that looks at the composition of urine, including protein or blood content.
Why and what it involves: Urine examination
Why it is done: To identify signs of kidney or urinary tract problems.
What it involves: Providing a urine sample for laboratory analysis.

Treatments & procedures

Dietary and fluid guidance
Personalised advice on diet, salt and fluid intake to support kidney health.
Why and what it involves: Dietary and fluid guidance
Why it is done: To reduce strain on the kidneys and manage symptoms.
What it involves: A discussion with the care team tailored to your test results.

Follow-up & ongoing care

Nephrology follow-up review
A scheduled visit to monitor kidney function trends over time.
Why and what it involves: Nephrology follow-up review
Why it is done: To catch changes early and adjust the care plan as needed.
What it involves: Repeat blood and urine tests along with a review of symptoms.

Specialists

Doctors in Nephrology

Dr. Ishan Parikh

Nephrology

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Dr. Geeta Seth

Nephrology

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Dr. Aakash K. Shingada

Nephrology

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Costs

Charges and estimates

The hospital has not published verified charges for this speciality yet. Contact the hospital for a personalised estimate — the cost depends on the consultation, tests or procedure your doctor recommends.

Final bills depend on your treatment plan, room category and clinical needs. Insurance cover and cashless approval depend on your insurer and policy.

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Health library

Health articles on Nephrology

Everyday Habits That Support Kidney Health

A practical look at daily habits that can help protect kidney function, especially for people managing diabetes, high blood pressure or a history of kidney stones.

28 September 2026

View all articles

Questions

Frequently asked questions

Can kidney problems exist without any obvious symptoms?

Yes, kidney function can decline gradually without noticeable symptoms in the early stages, which is why routine blood and urine tests are valuable, especially for people with diabetes or high blood pressure.

Are kidney stones related to diet?

Diet and fluid intake can play a role in stone formation for some people, but the exact cause varies, so it is best discussed individually with your doctor based on your history.

Does having high blood pressure mean my kidneys are already affected?

Not necessarily, but high blood pressure and kidney health are closely linked, so regular monitoring is often recommended to catch any changes early.

Is foamy urine always a sign of a kidney problem?

Occasional foaminess can be harmless, but persistent foamy urine may indicate protein loss and is worth having checked with a urine test.

How often should kidney function be tested if I have diabetes?

This depends on your individual health profile, so your doctor can advise a suitable testing schedule based on your overall diabetes and kidney health.

Sources for general health information

This page is general health education, not medical advice. It has not been individually reviewed by a Shreejii doctor unless stated.

Chronic kidney disease - NHS — accessed 2026-09-26
Kidney stones - NHS — accessed 2026-09-26
Kidney Diseases | Renal Disease | MedlinePlus — accessed 2026-09-26
Kidney Stones | Kidney Stone Symptoms | Nephrolithiasis | MedlinePlus — accessed 2026-09-26

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