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Overview
Understanding cardiology
Cardiology is the branch of medicine concerned with the heart and the network of blood vessels that carry blood around the body. It looks at how well the heart pumps, how steady its rhythm is, and how healthy the arteries supplying it remain over the years. Many day-to-day concerns, such as breathlessness on exertion, chest tightness, unusually fast or slow heartbeats, swelling of the ankles, or a family history of heart trouble, fall within this field.
Read more about Cardiology
Cardiology helps people of many ages, from younger adults with palpitations or high blood pressure noticed during a routine check, to older adults managing long-standing risk factors such as high cholesterol, diabetes or a sedentary lifestyle. It also supports people who have already had a heart-related event and need ongoing guidance to protect their heart in future.
Doctors working in this area take a detailed history of symptoms and lifestyle, examine the heart and circulation, and arrange appropriate tests to understand what may be happening. Based on the findings, they explain the likely cause in plain language, suggest lifestyle changes where relevant, and coordinate any further care that may be needed.
Your first visit
At a first cardiology visit, the doctor will typically ask about your symptoms, how long they have been present, your daily habits, and your personal and family medical history. It helps to bring along any previous reports such as ECGs, blood tests or scans, a written list of medicines you currently take (including doses if possible), and details of any past hospital admissions or procedures.
What else to expect
The doctor will usually check your blood pressure, listen to your heart and lungs, and may suggest tests such as an ECG, blood work or an echocardiogram depending on what is found. They will then discuss the findings with you in simple terms and plan any further steps together.
Conditions
Conditions this speciality covers
General health information about some common conditions in this field — not a complete list, and not confirmation that every treatment mentioned is available at the hospital. Please speak to a doctor about your own situation.
Coronary heart disease
Narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood.
Learn more about Coronary heart disease
This happens when fatty deposits gradually build up inside the arteries feeding the heart, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, particularly during exertion or stress.
Common symptoms
Chest pain or tightness on exertion
Breathlessness
Fatigue
Discomfort spreading to the arm or jaw
How it is assessed
Assessment generally involves a clinical history, an ECG, blood tests and sometimes imaging of the heart or its blood vessels.
Treatment options
General approaches include lifestyle changes, control of risk factors such as blood pressure and cholesterol, and medical or procedural care guided by the treating cardiologist.
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Consistently raised pressure of blood against artery walls.
Learn more about Hypertension (high blood pressure)
High blood pressure often develops silently over years and, if left unmanaged, can strain the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of future heart and kidney problems.
Common symptoms
Usually no symptoms
Occasional headache
Dizziness
Noticed only on routine checks
How it is assessed
Diagnosis relies on repeated blood pressure measurements over time, along with a review of lifestyle and other risk factors.
Treatment options
Management typically combines lifestyle adjustments such as diet, activity and stress reduction with medical treatment where advised by the doctor.
Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
A disturbance in the normal rhythm or rate of the heartbeat.
Learn more about Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
The heart may beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly due to changes in its electrical signalling, which can feel unsettling even when not dangerous, though some forms need closer attention.
Common symptoms
Palpitations
Light-headedness
Fatigue
Occasional breathlessness
How it is assessed
An ECG and heart rhythm monitoring over a period of time are commonly used to characterise the pattern.
Treatment options
Treatment approaches vary widely and may include lifestyle changes, medicines or other measures decided after specialist review.
Heart failure
A condition where the heart is less able to pump blood efficiently.
Learn more about Heart failure
Heart failure means the heart muscle struggles to meet the body's demands, which can lead to fluid build-up in the lungs and body and a reduced capacity for activity.
Common symptoms
Breathlessness on exertion or lying flat
Swelling of ankles and legs
Fatigue
Reduced exercise tolerance
How it is assessed
Evaluation typically includes a clinical examination, blood tests and an echocardiogram to assess heart function.
Treatment options
Ongoing care generally focuses on fluid and salt management, medicines and regular monitoring as advised by the cardiology team.
Valvular heart disease
Problems affecting one or more of the heart's valves.
Learn more about Valvular heart disease
The heart valves can become narrowed or leaky over time due to ageing, past infections or other causes, affecting how efficiently blood moves through the heart's chambers.
Common symptoms
Breathlessness
Fatigue
Palpitations
A murmur heard on examination
How it is assessed
An echocardiogram is the main tool used to look closely at valve structure and function.
Treatment options
Management depends on severity and may range from regular monitoring to more involved care, decided individually with the patient.
Services
Tests, treatments and services
Charges and preparation apply to a consultation, test or procedure — not to a condition.
Common approaches in this speciality
General health information about how doctors in this field usually investigate and treat — not a list of services confirmed at Shreejii. Please ask reception what is available.
Consultations
Cardiology consultation
A detailed discussion of your symptoms, lifestyle and history with a heart specialist.
Why and what it involves: Cardiology consultation
Why it is done: To understand your heart health concerns and plan next steps.
What it involves: Discussion, a physical examination and blood pressure check.
Diagnostic tests
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A simple recording of the heart's electrical activity taken while you rest.
Why and what it involves: Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Why it is done: To look at heart rhythm and detect certain abnormalities.
What it involves: Painless placement of small sensors on the chest, arms and legs for a short time.
Echocardiogram
An ultrasound-based scan that shows the heart's chambers, valves and pumping action.
Why and what it involves: Echocardiogram
Why it is done: To assess how well the heart is structured and functioning.
What it involves: A probe moved gently over the chest while images are captured.
Treatments & procedures
Risk factor management
Ongoing guidance on managing blood pressure, cholesterol and lifestyle habits.
Why and what it involves: Risk factor management
Why it is done: To reduce long-term strain on the heart and blood vessels.
What it involves: Regular review, lifestyle advice and, where suitable, medicines.
Follow-up & ongoing care
Cardiology follow-up review
A planned return visit to track progress and adjust the care plan.
Why and what it involves: Cardiology follow-up review
Why it is done: To keep heart health on track over time.
What it involves: Review of symptoms, reports and any needed test updates.
The hospital has not published verified charges for this speciality yet. Contact the hospital for a personalised estimate — the cost depends on the consultation, tests or procedure your doctor recommends.
Final bills depend on your treatment plan, room category and clinical needs. Insurance cover and cashless approval depend on your insurer and policy.
People with risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking history or a strong family history of heart disease may benefit from a general heart health review even without symptoms, since some heart conditions develop quietly over time.
Is chest pain always related to the heart?
Not always — chest discomfort can come from muscles, the digestive system or other causes. Because heart-related chest pain can be serious, it is safest to have any new or unexplained chest pain assessed rather than assuming the cause.
What is the difference between palpitations and a serious rhythm problem?
Occasional fluttering can be harmless and linked to stress, caffeine or tiredness, but frequent, prolonged or symptom-associated palpitations should be evaluated with an ECG or rhythm monitoring to understand the underlying pattern.
Can lifestyle changes really make a difference to heart health?
Yes, factors such as regular activity, a balanced diet, not smoking and managing stress can meaningfully support heart health alongside any medical care that is advised.
How often should blood pressure be checked?
This depends on your individual risk factors and previous readings, so it is best discussed with your doctor, who can suggest a suitable monitoring routine for you.
Sources for general health information
This page is general health education, not medical advice. It has not been individually reviewed by a Shreejii doctor unless stated.